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Triangulation is an approach to data analysis that synthesizes data from multiple sources. Triangulation seeks to quickly examine existing data to strengthen interpretations and improve policy and programs based on the available evidence. By examining information collected by different methods, by different groups and in different populations, findings can be corroborated across data sets, reducing the impact of potential biases that can exist in a single study. Triangulation combines information from quantitative and qualitative studies, incorporates prevention and care program data, and makes use of expert judgment. Triangulation can answer questions on risk groups, program effectiveness, policy and budget planning, and the state of the epidemic in a changing environment. Triangulation methodology provides a powerful tool when a rapid response is needed, or when good data do not exist to answer a specific question. Triangulation can be used when the collection of new data is not feasible or cost-effective.
CURRENT MATERIALS:
Summary of the triangulation methodology guide
The guide to triangulation methodology explains the 12-step approach that is used to conduct an analysis. To help illustrate the nature of triangulation, the guide includes a hypothetical example of a triangulation exercise in a fictional country. These examples are adapted from real-life situations in countries affected by HIV/AIDS and are interspersed throughout the overview. Exercises and discussion boxes help clarify key points of triangulation.
Though the overview is organized in a step-by-step format, triangulation is actually an iterative process. In other words, the results from any given step will help to formulate or improve upon results from previous steps, and as new information arises, previous steps may need to be re-visited. Flexibility and adaptability are crucial to the successful completion of the triangulation process. The examples will help illustrate the iterative nature of triangulation.
In order to best use the overview, it is recommended that readers first review all the materials presented before setting out to do a triangulation analysis. Since every triangulation analysis will be different, users should refer back to this overview to help them as they progress through the exercise. Additionally, first-time users should seek technical assistance from experts who have been trained in and have previously utilized this methodology.
In addition, although the overview only uses national-level examples, triangulation can also be applied at the regional or district level and to assess programmatic effects.
Specific learning objectives:
After reading the triangulation methodology, the reader will have a thorough understanding of the following:
• How to organize the triangulation process
• How to identify and capture data
• How to synthesize multiple data sources
• How to develop and test hypotheses
• How to draw conclusions and make recommendations for next steps
• Country report of triangulation findings for key HIV/AIDS question of interest
To learn more about the Institute for Global Health's triangulation expertise, please contact us using this form.
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